Hub and Switch are network devices that seem similar and are physically used as a star topology. However, there are some differences between hub and gearbox. The first difference is that the logic uses the hub as a bus, where the same signal is transmitted to all connections. On the other hand, the switch can provide communication between a few pairs of ports. Therefore, all belong to the same collision domain hub, while the ports are operating in the separate collision domain.
Definition of HUB
The hub is also referred to as a multiport repeater. It transmits the amplified signal to each port except the one from which the signal was received. A hub is used to physically link the network devices for communication and generate multiple stations with multiple hierarchies. Hubs can not handle intelligent routing and process information for layers 2 and 3. The decision is made on physical addressing rather than hardware and logical addressing. The hub can not distinguish the frame type. Therefore it sends unicast, multicaster and transmits to all other ports except the original port.
The multiple LAN cables are connected to the hub via the RJ45 connector. These LAN cables can be up to 100 meters long. To form a huge network of huge nodes, the hub can be linked hierarchically. The hub acts as a linking unit operating in a half-duplex mode, allowing either data transmission or the receipt of values at a time.
Types of HUB
Active Hub: The Active Hub provides gain and regeneration of the signals along with the connection.
Passive Hub: The passive hub acts as a connector and connects multiple cables together, but there is no gain and regeneration of the signal.
A switch is nothing more than a bridge that allows more effective bridging. In the broadest sense, a switch is a device that can be used to connect and disconnect as needed. It offers various functions such as filtering, flooding and frame transfer. It needs the destination address of the frames for their function as it learns from the source's MAC address. Unlike a hub, the switch can operate in full-duplex mode.
Each port has its own collision domain, so the collisions in the switch are much smaller than those generated in the hub. Like the hub, the switch has a broadcast domain that can transmit both transmission and multicast connections from any port except each port, making it unsuitable for a large and scalable network. The Layer 2 header does not provide a mechanism for separating the various networks. However, it can differentiate between different hosts. Internet could not work if only hardware addressing was specified. Think of this as a practical situation in which the Internet functions as a pure, changing environment. Therefore, the switch must be sent to each port in a collection of billions of devices and computers on the Internet. This can lead to Internet errors.
The hubs and gears tend to change the loop, which can lead to a damaging transmission domain. The switch uses the spanning tree protocol to release the environment loop.
Types of Framework Methods
Big and Forward - This technique stores the entire frame in memory and then performs cyclic redundancy control to verify the integrity of the frame. The delay of this technique is highest.
Intersection (real-time) - This technique sends the packet to the output buffer as soon as the destination address is known. The latency of this method is the lowest. No error check is performed.